[Week 0] Pre-discussions in the first term

Original Idea (for birds)

    Prior studies have created several optical bio-logging systems for observing birds' motions. However, the space for such observing is limited, which could not have a full view for birds' motions. Hence, we want to create a non-optical bio-logging system for similar purpose.


It aims to address the challenge of directly observing the flight motion of birds by developing a suit with lightweight and suitable sensors that can be installed on different parts of the bird's body, such as the wings, body, neck, tail, and footsteps. The main objective is to use multi-sensor fusion to model the bird's actual motion on a monitor screen. Additionally, the proposed suit will help determine the bird's selectivity when facing different wind directions and whether they change their flight behavior to conserve stamina.

Although the sensors will not measure wind direction or force currently, the data storage and battery will be integrated into the suit. Due to the limited timeframe of four weeks, the functions of water-resistance are not currently considered.

The proposed suit will not cover the entire bird and will be separated for easy replacement and debugging. After collecting the data, a corresponding modeling program will be designed to visualize the data as a bird model on a PC. However, as it is not possible to use real birds for this project, a static 3D printed bird model will be used for demonstration purposes.

In summary, the main goal of this project is to develop a suit with lightweight sensors to monitor the flight motion of birds and analyze their behavior in different wind directions. The project also aims to create a modeling program to visualize the collected data as a bird model.

1.  A optical bio-loggers for birds [1].
2.  A simple 3-axial accelerometer bio-loggers for birds [3].
3.  A simple 3-axial accelerometer bio-loggers for cats [4].
4.  A simple 3-axial accelerometer bio-loggers for imperial cormorants [5].
5.  Leonardo da Vinci’s discovery of the dynamic soaring by birds in wind shear [6].
6.  Wind Energy Extraction by Birds and Flight Vehicles [7].
7.  Automatically generating holograms via accelerators [8]

Final topic concluded by Dr Dave McIntosh

    Lightweight and suitable sensors will be installed on a piece of clothing (may contain flexible sensors or accelerometers such as MPU-6500, or similar inertial sensors such as gyroscopes) for tracking and recording motion. Both data storage and a battery should be included in the device. It should be possible to load the data onto a PC and design a simple program (e.g. in MATLAB) to visualize the data as a behaviour model*. Although it will be tested on humans, the technology could then be applicable to tracking the motion and behaviour of animals in order to learn from the elegant designs seen in the natural world. 

(*This starts to look like a ‘digital twin’, which is where we have a model of a system, running alongside the real system and receiving data from it, but in a ‘safe’ digital space.) 

System demodulating





References

[1]  E. Ju,  B. Choi,  J. Noh,  and J. Lee,  “Data-driven bird simulation,”  inACM SIGGRAPH2011 Talks on - SIGGRAPH ’11.    Vancouver,  British  Columbia,  Canada:   ACM  Press,2011, p. 1. [Online]. Available:  http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2037826.2037910
[2]  L.  A.  Taylor,  G.  K.  Taylor,  B.  Lambert,  J.  A.  Walker,  D.  Biro,  and  S.  J.  Portugal,“Birds  invest  wingbeats  to  keep  a  steady  head  and  reap  the  ultimate  benefits  of  flyingtogether,”PLoS Biol,   vol.   17,   no.   6,   p.   e3000299,   Jun.   2019.   [Online].   Available:https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000299
[3]  S. Watanabe, M. Izawa, A. Kato, Y. Ropert-Coudert, and Y. Naito, “A new technique formonitoring the detailed behaviour of terrestrial animals:  A case study with the domesticcat,”Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 94, no. 1-2, pp. 117–131, Oct. 2005. [Online].Available:  https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168159105000353
[4]  A.  G ́omez  Laich,  R.  Wilson,  F.  Quintana,  and  E.  Shepard,  “Identification  of  imperialcormorant Phalacrocorax atriceps behaviour using accelerometers,”Endang. Species. Res.,vol. 10,  pp. 29–37,  May 2009. [Online]. Available:  http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v10/p29-37/
[5]  P.  L.  Richardson,  “Leonardo  da  Vinci’s  discovery  of  the  dynamic  soaring  by  birds  inwind  shear,”Notes Rec.,  vol.  73,  no.  3,  pp.  285–301,  Sep.  2019.  [Online].  Available:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0024
[6]  P.  Lissaman,  “Wind  Energy  Extraction  by  Birds  and  Flight  Vehicles,”  in43rd AIAAAerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.   Reno, Nevada:  American Institute of Aeronauticsand  Astronautics,   Jan.  2005.  [Online].  Available:https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/6.2005-241
[7]  K.  Q.  Sakamoto,  K.  Sato,  M.  Ishizuka,  Y.  Watanuki,  A.  Takahashi,  F.  Daunt,  andS. Wanless, “Can Ethograms Be Automatically Generated Using Body Acceleration Datafrom  Free-Ranging  Birds?”PLoS ONE,  vol.  4,  no.  4,  p.  e5379,  Apr.  2009.  [Online].Available:  https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.00053799



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